The gut produces a remarkable array of brain chemicals.

The mucosa is the protective mucus layer lining the intestines - the gut's first line of defence.

Microbiome-targeted modulation is the scientific approach pioneered by Prof.

The microbiome is the complete ecosystem of microorganisms and their genetic material living in a...

Leaky gut is the colloquial term for increased intestinal permeability - when the tight junctions...

Lactose intolerance is the inability to fully digest lactose - the sugar found in dairy products ...

Lactobacillus is the most recognised probiotic genus - found in yogurt, kefir, and fermented vege...

Certain gut bacteria - particularly Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii - ar...

Kefir is a fermented milk drink and one of the most probiotic-rich foods that exists naturally.

Janeway's hypothesis is a foundational immunology concept: the immune system is trained to recogn...

Intestinal permeability refers to how leaky the gut wall is.

Immune modulation describes how the gut microbiome continuously trains and tunes the immune system.